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Objective To understand the application value of spacial clusters detection of human schistosomiasis epidemic,based on small scale level in heavy mountainous and hilly endemic areas, Songzi County,Hubei Province,China. Methods Positive results of human serological detection antibody titer equal or above 80,and positive schistosomiasis cases of fecal examination from 2016 to 2018 as research object in Songzi County.The flexible irregular space scan statistics was used to analyse the spatial clustering analysis of human schistosomiasis epidemic in the heavy mountainous and hilly endemic areas, setting parameter K=2 ,K=6 or K=10, respectively,based on small scale of village level in Songzi County. Results There was none positive schistosomiasis cases of fecal examination in Songzi County from 2016 to 2018.The number of human serological detection antibody titer equal or above 80 were 74, 206, 83, from 2016 to 2018，respectively.There was spatial clusters of positive of human serological detection antibody titer equal or above 80 for schistosomiasis cases in the county from 2016-2018. Areas of flexible irregular space scan statistic in cluster detection changing with the change of different K values. Under different parameters of flexible irregular space scan statistic results show that the most likely cluster of 40 endemic villages in three towns,inculding Laocheng town,Chendian town and Wangjiaqiao town were the prominent. Conclusion There are spatial clusters of human schistosomiasis based on small scale of village level by flexible irregular space scan statistic in mountainous and hilly endemic areas, Songzi County,Hubei Province.Therefore,the monitoring and control of schistosomiasis should be consolidated in the future,in order to achieve schistosomiasis elimination in Hubei Province at an early date.
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Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the application of Wondfo Rapid Diagnostic Kit (RDTs) in the diagnosis of imported malaria cases in the Malaria Reference Laboratory of Hubei Provence. Methods The complete blood samples of malaria cases and negative card deletion cases reported in Hubei Province from January 2015 to June 2018 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The results of the provincial malaria reference laboratory were used as the standard, and were compared with those results detected by RDTs, microscopic examination and nested PCR. The differences were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 440 complete samples were collected by the Malaria Reference Laboratory of Hubei Provence, of which 418 samples were confirmed as positive, and 22 samples were confirmed as negative. In terms of the identification ability of P. falciparum, RDTs performed the best, with a coincidence rate of 100.00%, and the coincidence rates nested PCR and microscopic examination were 97.49% and 91.40%, respectively. In terms of the identification specificity for another 3 species of Plasmodium (P. vivax, P. ovarian and P. vivax), nested PCR was the best, the microscopy method was the second best, and RDTs was the lowest. Based on the comprehensive analysis of 12 individual indicators, RDTs had the highest score (32), while the microscopic examination and nested PCR scored 24 and 19, respectively. Conclusion RDTs had certain advantages in the detection of malaria, but they had a low identification specificity for different species. Thus, they can be used as auxiliary tools for microscopic examination and widely used in surveillance work after malaria elimination in Hubei Province.
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Objective To analyze the spatial clustering of human schistosomiasis at the village level in key counties in Hubei Province, to provide scientific evidence for formulating strategies for human schistosomiasis prevention and control in the next stage. Methods Gong'an County and Jiangling County in Hubei Province were selected as representative counties for this study. A town or village was set up as a research unit. Schistosomiasis cases of a positive fecal examination in 2015 and cases with positive detection for schistosomiasis serological antibody titer equal or above 80 in 2016-2018 were selected as research subjects in these two counties. The Kulldorff circular scan statistic was used for the spatial clustering analysis of human schistosomiasis infection status in the population. Results There was spatial clustering of positive schistosomiasis cases of fecal examination, at the level of a town or village in both counties in 2015. There was spatial clustering of positive human serological antibody detection at the level of town or village from 2016-2018. Eighty-six endemic villages in five towns in the northeast of Gong'an County, along the Yangtze river,including Mahaokou Town, Zhakou Town, Yangjiachang Town, Jiazhuyuan Town and Douhuti Town, were the most prominent. There was no spatial clustering of positive results of human serological antibody detection at the town and village level in Jiangling County, in2017, while there was spatial clustering of human serological antibody detection in 2016 and 2018,respectively. Fifty-seven endemic villages in two towns (Puji Town and Xionghe Town) in the southwest of Jiangling County, along the Yangtze river,were the most prominent. Conclusion There were spatial clustering of human schistosomiasis epidemic at village level both in Gong'an County and Jiangling County, Hubei Province. Compared with the previous studies, there was a trend of shrink and decline of clustering areas. Therefore, the current situation of the epidemic has put forward higher requirements for the implementation of precise prevention and control in the progress of schistosomiasis elimination work in various epidemic areas.
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Objective To use the nested PCR technology to diagnose and identify a case of imported Plasmodium ovale wallikeri subspecies .Methods Blood sample was collected from 1 case of initially diagnosed imported tertian malaria and performed the ex‐amination of microscopy ,rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and nested‐PCR .Moreover the sequencing was conduced .Results RDTs showed the negative result ;the ring form and trophozoite of Plasmodium could be observed in the blood smear by microscopy ;the Plasmodium ovale wallikeri subspecies specific primer rOVA 1v/rOVA2v was adopted for conducting nested PCR ,the specicific am‐plification band appeared at 760 bp ,after sequencing and Blast aligning ,its coincidence with the partial sequence of Plasmodium ovale wallikeri subspecies in the Genbank database was 99% .Conclusion This patient is the first case of Plasmodium ovale wallik‐eri subspecies infection in Hubei province by nested PCR and sequencing analysis .
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Objective To understand the malaria epidemic situation in Hubei Province from 2010 to 2014,so as to provide the evidence for formulating the effective malaria elimination strategies and measures in this province. Methods The data from the Disease Reporting Information System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention were collected and analyzed with the descriptive epidemiological method for the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Hubei Province from 2010 to 2014. Results A total of 997 malaria cases were reported in Hubei Province from 2010 to 2014,there were 618 cases of vivax malaria,352 cases of falciparum malaria,18 cases of Plasmodium ovale infection,and 9 cases of Plasmodium malariae infec?tion. Among all the reported cases,479 were local cases and 518 were imported cases. No local malaria cases were reported from Hubei Province since 2013. The overall imported malaria cases showed a gradual increasing trend from 2010 to 2014,the pro?portion of falciparum malaria increased quite significantly from 2010 to 2014. The malaria cases were mainly distributed in Xiangyang,Wuhan,Xiaogan,Yichang,Jingmen and Suizhou cities,reaching 81.85%of the cases of the whole province. There were 810 male cases and 187 female cases,with a sex ratio of 4.33∶1. The local malaria cases were mainly aged from 40 to 69 years,accounted for 78.29%of the total local cases,and 88.22%(457/518)of the whole local cases were concentrated in 20-49 age groups. The local cases were mainly farmers(67.01%). Among the imported malaria cases,the occupation distribution concentrated mainly on the worker,migrant worker,and farmer(63.90%). Conclusions The local malaria epidemic situation has been effectively controlled in Hubei Province,which reflects the initiative achievements of malaria elimination. However, there are still many imported malaria cases from abroad. Therefore,the imported malaria from abroad still remains the key of ma?laria control in Hubei Province.
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Objective To develop measles and Japanese encephalitis(JE)combined attenuated live vaccine. Methods The independent development of China′s Shanghai 191 measles vaccine strains and Japanese encephalitis SA14-14-2 vaccine strains were selected to prepare two of monovalent vaccines solution,which were used to conduct the interference test,the ratio test,the screening test of protection agent,the screening test of dilution,and the alternative of the curve of freeze-dried.Results The preparation technology of measles and Japanese encephalitis combined live attenuated vaccine was determined.The batches of the products met the quality requirement of the three kinds of monovalent vaccine in the Pharmacopoeia of the people's Republic of China(edition 2005,volume 3).The cross-interference and increased response were not found in the animal test,and the immune response of mouse was not influenced,which indicated the safety and immunogenicity of with good combined vaccine.Conclusion Measles and Japanese encephalitis combined attenuated live vaccine was developed successfully.